Amanda MacMillan Health.com
Yep, hormonal birth control for men is a thing—and it works almost as well as condoms. Male birth control just got one step closer to becoming a reality (finally!). A new study shows that giving contraceptive injections to men can effectively prevent pregnancy in their partners.
The caveat: the shots won’t be available any time soon. Their formulation must be tweaked to reduce side effects, and larger studies are needed before they can be brought to market.
Hormonal birth control has never been an option for men, who currently have few choices when it comes to managing their fertility, including condoms, vasectomies, and the not-always-effective withdrawal method.
The new study, a phase II clinical trial, tested the safety and efficacy of injectable contraceptives in 320 men ages 18 to 45. The men received two hormones—a synthetic testosterone and progesterone—via injection, every eight weeks for up to a year and a half.
Synthetic testosterone suppresses sperm count, explains Jamin Brahmbhatt, MD, a urologic surgeon with the Orlando Health hospital system, because it tricks the body into thinking it has enough of the hormone. The body then shuts down production of realtestosterone, which is needed to make sperm.
The participants provided semen
samples regularly.
In the second phase of the study—during which 266 men continued receiving injections for up to 56 more weeks—four pregnancies occurred. (That makes sense, says Dr. Brahmbhatt, since a tiny amount of sperm is still likely to be present.) The researchers determined the drug combo was nearly 96% effective at suppressing sperm counts. Condoms, in comparison, are 98% effective when used correctly.
“The study found it is possible to have a hormonal contraceptive for men that reduces the risk of unplanned pregnancies in the partners of men who use it,” said co-author and WHO researcher Mario Philip Reyes Festin, MD, in a press release. “Our findings confirmed the efficacy of this contraceptive method previously seen in small studies.”
However, complaints from participants
caused the researchers to stop enrolling new volunteers earlier than expected. The men reported side effects including muscle pain, pain at the injection site, increased libido, and acne.
Overall, 20 participants dropped out of the study because of side effects. One person also died in a suicide, although researchers concluded that was not related to the drug.
Despite the side effects, however, more than 75% of participants said they’d be willing to use this method of contraception once the trial was over.
They won’t have that option for at least a few years, though. Along with larger, phase III trials, he added, “the combination of hormones needs to be studied more to consider a good balance between efficacy and safety.”
Dr. Brambhatt predicts
When that does happen, however, he thinks injections will still be the delivery method (rather than a pill).
“With injections, the drug stays in your body,” he says. “You don’t have to think about it the way you do with condoms or even female birth control pills—which is one reason those methods sometimes fail. My patients who get injections for low testosterone really like that they don’t have to remember to take something every day.”
“Having a long-acting form of birth control for men will be ideal, and this is a step in the right direction,” he continues. “But this study doesn’t solve all of the problems we’ve seen so far, and we’re still far away from finding the right dosage.”
